The DVSF will do everything possible through educational and quality assurance work in sports and fitness facilities so that the problem of doping does not spiral out of control as in high-performance sports or fitness sports in the United States. [1] Cf. Bette, Karl-Heinrich; Schimank, Uwe: Biographische Dynamiken im Leistungssport. Möglichkeiten der Dopingprävention im Jugendalter, Köln: Sport und Buch Strauß (2002), p. 341 In the case of a high-performance athlete, one can perhaps still understand the possible financial incentives or the desire for world fame as a motivation. Is it already debatable, what should you think of a housewife who asks Clenbuterol to lose weight more easily during aerobics? Exaggerated? Unfortunately not. In the United States, for example, the use of anabolic steroids has reached such an extent that the use and sale of steroids has been legally equated with the use of hard drugs. Unfortunately, the doping scandals of recent years have not had a deterrent effect but rather an advertising effect for certain substances. The above-mentioned Clenbuterol, whose name no one outside insider circles knew until Katrin Krabbe, is now one of the most sought-after substances in recreational sports and especially in the fitness scene. Unfortunately, steroids still enjoy uninterrupted popularity. It is true that top-level sport, which is subsidised worldwide with billions of euros from sports marketing, television rights and public funding of sport, has been infiltrated into its shadow by dopers and other shady profiteers.

Similarly, no one who has understood the system of commercialized high-performance sport should trust the self-healing powers of organized sport, which are so often invoked. The belief in « clean games » in the face of less positive doping tests at the Olympics that are coming to an end is wrong – because only the stupidest can be caught during a competition. Although doping controls are much more effective than they were ten years ago, they still have worrying shortcomings – because detection methods are lacking. 1. « [Performance enhancing drugs » or « drugs » for short (Savulescu น. a. 2004: 666) is translated as doping and describes substances and methods of performance enhancement prohibited in sport (Tamburrini 2000: 200f.) 2. In this book, the term « wear » refers only to high-performance sport and not to everyday sport or amateur sport, since the authors in their article focus only on this sub-field (Savulescu น. a.

2004: 666) 3. « [T]he playing field » (Savulescu น. a. 2004: 668) must be understood as « creating a level playing field » 4. « [F]airer » (Sinnott-Armstrong and Fogelin 2014: 666, 2014: 670) refers to equal competition between all athletes 5. Although top-level sport is a lot of hypocrisy, lies and deception, there is no alternative to banning doping. Does doping undermine the model effect of sport? The answer is certainly yes. In any case, a doping-free sport has a greater model effect. But is the argument valid? The fact is that, despite the current control effort, which is considered very important, doping is occurring on a larger scale. This situation would not change significantly, even by intensifying testing, as resourceful athletes and their helpers will always find ways to circumvent the controls. In this respect, it is unlikely that a real situation with a doping ban – such as the current situation – will differ from a situation in which doping is likely to take place in terms of exemplary effect. Of course, it would be nice if there was a clean, doping-free sport that could serve as a model, but it`s an ideal image that the reality of sport has never matched and probably never will – even with a state ban with severe sanctions.

Proponents of permitted free consumption of doping substances also often argue that this could lead to better medical control of athletes. In this way, possible consequential damages could be avoided. Again, this argument is not tenable. Has not state-controlled doping in the GDR, in which many doctors were involved, irreparably damaged the health of many athletes who were once successful in sport? Could cycling doctors prevent young cyclists from dying because of alleged Epo abuse in the nineties? No, quite the contrary. Doctors often happily mingled in doping athletes. With doping allowed, it would be feared that doctors turn the screw even more on performance manipulation. A cycling official is in favour of authorising doping. 1 Current doping problems in high-performance sport Doping in sports competitions or in preparation should be banned – without ifs and buts. It doesn`t create equal opportunities – there`s nothing like it in sport anyway. But the ban ensures at least more of the same. This is the only chance of survival for the cultural asset of sport. And this remains the best strategy to control the problem of doping at least rudimentarily – and not completely pervert sport.

The fact that top-level international sport has a doping problem was made clear to the global public last year, for example, by the two so-called McLaren reports. On behalf of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), Richard McLaren highlighted Russian state doping around the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games (McLaren 2016a, 2016b). The New York Times reported something similar (Ruiz and Schwirtz 2016). Other examples of doping problems in the recent past include the positive doping tests of Jamaican sprinters at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, which did not result in sanctions (Seppelt and Neumann 2017) or American cyclist Lance Armstrong, who admitted in 2013 to having been boosted in his seven Tour de France victories between 1999 and 2005. without ever having been officially noticed positively during a doping control (Rory 2013). These examples show the fundamental problems of high-level sport with regard to doping: doping programmes partially supported by the State, positive tests without effect and successful athletes thanks to banned doping substances, for which nothing could be proven. As many in the sports world are aware of these issues, various proposals have been made in recent years to solve these problems. Three-time world champion and London 2012 Olympic discus throw champion Robert Harting, for example, proposed legalising doping in 2009 (Hungermann 2009).

In recent years, scientists have also developed a mindset that advocates the release of doping substances in sport (e.g., Kious, 2008; Ricks, 2012; Smith, 2012; Tamburrini 2000 and in particular Savulescu น. a. 2004). Others, however, criticize legalization and still want to see doping banned (e.g., Chwang 2012; Haugen, 2011; Hoberman, 2006; Wiesing, 2010). A new phenomenon that has been increasingly worrying in recent years is the doping of the fitness athlete. Often he does not want to get medals, but quickly and conveniently takes the pharmacological shortcut to the belly of the swimmerboard. High-performance athletes must see themselves as a moral elite that has an influence on many human lives through their success (featured in the media). This comes with a clear « plus » of responsibility. Compliance with rules and standards and therefore the prohibition of doping are a fundamental prerequisite for the existence of sports law, a responsible model effect is the freestyle of the (high-level) athlete. The public interest provides the players in the background with the proper base to get into the spotlight and pull their strings in the world of sport. Fans, spectators and, last but not least, major events such as the Tour de France or the FIFA World Cup, which appeal to almost an entire society, are the reasons why media coverage works.

Interest in sport offers the media the opportunity to appeal to a wide audience. Whether young or old, male or female. The target group includes all age groups and social classes. At the same time, sport is a social component that connects. Many people are interested in various sports. Almost no other area reaches people as strongly as the most diverse forms of sport and the organization of competitions and events. Media interest in sport is therefore significant and lucrative. Advertising contracts and marketing strategies can be transported through public « sport » and transported to the real recipient – the consumer.